/* Business of Medicine 101 — shared styles (editorial redesign, Oct 2026)
   Palette: deep petrol ink, warm paper, copper. Type: Fraunces (display) + Inter (text).
   No animation beyond gentle hover transitions; motion is removed for reduced-motion users. */
:root {
  --ink: #0a2a33;
  --ink-2: #0f3a46;
  --ink-3: #07202a;
  --teal: #0e4a57;
  --teal-tint: #e6efef;
  --paper: #f7f3ec;
  --paper-2: #efe8dc;
  --surface: #ffffff;
  --text: #1b2b31;
  --muted: #55636a;
  --line: #e2dacb;
  --line-2: #d3c8b5;
  --copper: #c2702a;
  --copper-ink: #94511a;
  --copper-light: #e8ad72;
  --copper-tint: #faf0e4;
  --on-dark: #e9eff0;
  --on-dark-muted: #b3c4c8;
  --dark-line: rgba(255, 255, 255, .14);
  --focus: #b0601f;
  --radius: 4px;
  --max: 1180px;
  --read: 700px;
  --serif: "Fraunces", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
  --shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(10, 42, 51, .04), 0 10px 30px rgba(10, 42, 51, .07);
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
img, svg { max-width: 100%; }
a { color: var(--teal); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: color .15s ease; }
a:hover { color: var(--copper-ink); }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 2px; }
.site-header, .hero, .article-head, .cred, .site-footer, .profile { --focus: #f3c592; }

h1, h2, h3 { font-family: var(--serif); color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.15; font-weight: 500; font-optical-sizing: auto; letter-spacing: -.015em; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.4rem); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.2vw, 2.15rem); margin: 2.8rem 0 .9rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; margin: 1.6rem 0 .5rem; }
p { margin: 0 0 1.15rem; }
em { font-style: italic; }
cite { font-style: italic; }

.skip { position: absolute; left: -999px; top: 0; background: var(--copper-light); color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; padding: .6rem 1rem; z-index: 20; }
.skip:focus { left: 16px; top: 8px; }

.wrap { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 32px; }
.read { max-width: var(--read); min-width: 0; }

.eyebrow, .kicker {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .7rem;
  font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--copper-ink); margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.eyebrow::before, .kicker::before { content: ""; width: 28px; height: 1px; background: currentColor; flex: none; }

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.site-header { background: var(--ink); color: var(--on-dark); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.site-header .wrap { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: .75rem 1.5rem; min-height: 78px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; }
.brand:hover { color: #fff; }
.brand .mark { flex: none; display: block; }
.brand-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.15; }
.brand-name { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.22rem; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.brand-name em { color: var(--copper-light); font-weight: 400; }
.brand small { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .66rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-dark-muted); margin-top: .3rem; }
.nav { display: flex; gap: .25rem; }
.nav a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--on-dark); font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; padding: .6rem .85rem; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transition: color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease; }
.nav a:hover { color: var(--copper-light); }
.nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: #fff; border-bottom-color: var(--copper-light); }

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .75rem; margin-top: 1.8rem; }
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  background: var(--ink); color: #fff; text-decoration: none;
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: .95rem 1.4rem; border: 1px solid var(--ink); border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: background-color .15s ease, color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--teal); border-color: var(--teal); color: #fff; }
.btn.ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); }
.btn.ghost:hover { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; }
.hero .btn, .profile .btn, .cred .btn { background: var(--copper-light); border-color: var(--copper-light); color: var(--ink); }
.hero .btn:hover, .profile .btn:hover, .cred .btn:hover { background: #f3c592; border-color: #f3c592; color: var(--ink); }
.hero .btn.ghost, .cred .btn.ghost { background: transparent; border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .45); color: #fff; }
.hero .btn.ghost:hover, .cred .btn.ghost:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .08); border-color: #fff; color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero, .article-head {
  position: relative; color: var(--on-dark);
  background:
    radial-gradient(1100px 520px at 88% -10%, rgba(14, 74, 87, .85), transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(700px 420px at -5% 110%, rgba(194, 112, 42, .16), transparent 60%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, var(--ink) 0%, var(--ink-3) 100%);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.hero::before, .article-head::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, .035) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, .035) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 56px 56px;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, transparent 85%);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, transparent 85%);
}
.hero::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; height: 120px; pointer-events: none; opacity: .22;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1200 120' preserveAspectRatio='none'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 80H420l22-40 26 70 24-92 22 62 14-14 18 14H1200' fill='none' stroke='%23e8ad72' stroke-width='1.6' vector-effect='non-scaling-stroke'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center bottom / 100% 100% no-repeat;
}
.hero > .wrap, .article-head > .wrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero { padding: 5.5rem 0 6rem; }
.hero .eyebrow, .article-head .eyebrow { color: var(--copper-light); }
.hero h1 { color: #fff; font-weight: 400; font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.6vw, 4.1rem); line-height: 1.04; letter-spacing: -.025em; max-width: 17ch; }
.hero h1 em, .article-head h1 em { color: var(--copper-light); }
.hero .lede, .hero p.lede { font-size: 1.17rem; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--on-dark-muted); max-width: 58ch; margin: 0; }
.hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 4rem; align-items: end; }
.hero-index { border: 1px solid var(--dark-line); background: rgba(7, 32, 42, .55); padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem .75rem; border-radius: var(--radius); }
.hi-label { font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--copper-light); margin: 0 0 .5rem; }
.hero-index ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.hero-index li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.hero-index a { display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: baseline; padding: .62rem 0; color: var(--on-dark); text-decoration: none; font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.hero-index a:hover { color: var(--copper-light); }
.hi-num { font-family: var(--serif); color: var(--copper-light); font-size: .95rem; min-width: 1.6rem; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }

.hero-foot { background: var(--paper-2); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.hero-foot ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
.hero-foot li { padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem 1.4rem 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.12rem; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.3; }
.hero-foot li + li { padding-left: 1.5rem; border-left: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
.hero-foot small { display: block; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--copper-ink); margin-bottom: .35rem; }

/* ---------- Sections ---------- */
section.block { padding: 5.5rem 0; }
section.block.alt { background: var(--paper-2); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
section.block + section.block:not(.alt):not(.cred) { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-head { max-width: 62ch; margin-bottom: 2.6rem; }
.section-head h2 { margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.section-head p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.section-head.split { max-width: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1rem 4rem; align-items: end; padding-bottom: 1.6rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
.section-head.split .kicker { margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.section-head.split h2 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4vw, 2.75rem); }
.section-head.split p { max-width: 46ch; justify-self: end; }

/* Audience */
.audience { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem; }
.audience > div { position: relative; padding-top: 1.4rem; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.aud-num { display: block; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 2.4rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--copper); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.audience .icon { position: absolute; top: 1.6rem; right: 0; color: var(--teal); opacity: .75; }
.audience h3 { margin: 0 0 .5rem; font-size: 1.35rem; }
.audience p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0; font-size: 1rem; }
.icon { color: var(--teal); }
.icon-accent { color: var(--copper); }

/* Cards */
.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 320px), 1fr)); gap: 1.25rem; }
.card {
  position: relative; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.6rem 1.6rem 1.4rem; text-decoration: none; color: var(--text);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(10, 42, 51, .04);
  transition: box-shadow .2s ease, transform .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}
.card::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: -1px; right: -1px; top: -1px; height: 3px; background: var(--teal); border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0; transition: background-color .2s ease; }
.card:hover { color: var(--text); box-shadow: var(--shadow); transform: translateY(-2px); border-color: var(--line-2); }
.card:hover::before { background: var(--copper); }
.card-top { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.card-num { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.9rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--teal); font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.card-cat { flex: 1; font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.3; }
.card-top .icon { color: var(--copper); flex: none; }
.card h3 { margin: 1.1rem 0 .55rem; font-size: 1.32rem; line-height: 1.22; color: var(--ink); }
.card p { color: var(--muted); font-size: .97rem; margin: 0 0 1.4rem; flex: 1; }
.card .more { font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--teal); }
.card:hover .more { color: var(--copper-ink); }

/* Author / credibility */
.cred { background: var(--ink); color: var(--on-dark); position: relative; }
.cred-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.15fr); gap: 4rem; align-items: start; }
.cred .kicker { color: var(--copper-light); }
.cred .section-head { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.cred h2 { color: #fff; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4vw, 2.6rem); font-weight: 400; }
.cred .section-head p { color: var(--on-dark-muted); }
.cred ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.cred li { display: flex; gap: .9rem; align-items: flex-start; padding: 1rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dark-line); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.55; }
.cred li svg { flex: none; color: var(--copper-light); margin-top: .2rem; }
.cred a { color: #fff; }

/* Newsletter note */
.note-box { display: flex; gap: 1.6rem; align-items: flex-start; background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 4px solid var(--copper); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 2rem 2.2rem; max-width: 880px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(10, 42, 51, .04); }
.note-icon { flex: none; width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--copper-tint); display: grid; place-items: center; }
.note-box h2 { margin: 0 0 .5rem; font-size: 1.55rem; }
.note-box p { color: var(--muted); }
.note-box p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* ---------- Page / article head ---------- */
.article-head { padding: 3.2rem 0 3.6rem; }
.article-head h1 { color: #fff; font-weight: 400; font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4.6vw, 3.25rem); line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.crumbs { font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-dark-muted); margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.crumbs ol { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .35rem .5rem; }
.crumbs li { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.crumbs li + li::before { content: "/"; margin-right: .5rem; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35); }
.crumbs a { color: var(--on-dark-muted); text-decoration: none; }
.crumbs a:hover { color: var(--copper-light); }
.crumbs [aria-current] { color: var(--on-dark); }
.dek { font-size: 1.17rem; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--on-dark-muted); max-width: 62ch; }
.article-head .dek:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.byline { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--on-dark-muted); margin: 1.6rem 0 0; padding-top: 1.2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.byline strong { font-weight: 600; }
.byline a { color: #fff; text-decoration-color: var(--copper-light); }
.byline a:hover { color: var(--copper-light); }
.byline .sep { color: var(--copper-light); margin: 0 .3rem; }

/* ---------- Article body ---------- */
.article { padding: 3.5rem 0 4.5rem; }
.article-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, var(--read)) 250px; gap: 4.5rem; justify-content: space-between; align-items: start; }
.prose { font-size: 1.075rem; }
.prose > p, .prose > ul, .prose > ol { color: #22333a; }
.article h2 { scroll-margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.prose > h2 { position: relative; padding-top: 1.6rem; margin-top: 3rem; }
.prose > h2::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 44px; height: 2px; background: var(--copper); }
.article ul, .article ol { padding-left: 1.3rem; margin: 0 0 1.3rem; }
.article li { margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.article li::marker { color: var(--copper-ink); }
.article strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

.toc { position: sticky; top: 1.5rem; padding: 1.4rem 0 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); font-size: .9rem; }
.toc-label { font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--copper-ink); margin: 0 0 .8rem; }
.toc ol { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; counter-reset: toc; }
.toc li { counter-increment: toc; margin: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.toc a { display: flex; gap: .7rem; padding: .55rem 0; color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; line-height: 1.4; }
.toc a::before { content: counter(toc, decimal-leading-zero); font-family: var(--serif); color: var(--teal); font-size: .85rem; min-width: 1.4rem; }
.toc a:hover { color: var(--ink); }

.takeaways { background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 3px solid var(--teal); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem .9rem; margin: 0 0 2.6rem; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(10, 42, 51, .04); }
.takeaways h2 { margin: 0 0 1rem; padding: 0; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--teal); }
.takeaways ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.takeaways li { position: relative; padding-left: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.takeaways li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: .7em; width: .7rem; height: 2px; background: var(--copper); }

blockquote.pull { position: relative; margin: 2.8rem 0; padding: 1.8rem 0 1.4rem 3.2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-2); font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.6vw, 1.6rem); line-height: 1.4; color: var(--ink); }
blockquote.pull::before { content: "\201C"; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 1.1rem; font-size: 4rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--copper); font-style: normal; }
blockquote.pull p { margin: 0 0 .7rem; }
blockquote.pull footer { font-family: var(--sans); font-style: normal; font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--muted); }

.callout { background: var(--copper-tint); border: 1px solid #ecd3b8; border-left: 3px solid var(--copper); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem; margin: 1.6rem 0; font-size: .98rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.callout p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.checklist { background: var(--ink); color: var(--on-dark); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.8rem 1.9rem 1rem; margin: 3rem 0; --focus: #f3c592; }
.checklist h2 { margin: 0 0 1.1rem; padding: 0; font-size: 1.5rem; color: #fff; font-weight: 400; }
.checklist h2::before { display: none; }
.checklist ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.checklist li { position: relative; padding: .55rem 0 .55rem 2.1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); margin: 0; color: var(--on-dark); }
.checklist li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: .85rem; width: 1.05rem; height: 1.05rem; border: 1.5px solid var(--copper-light); border-radius: 3px; }
.checklist a { color: #fff; }

.sources { margin-top: 3rem; padding-top: 0; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.sources h2 { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); padding-top: 1.2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.sources h2::before { display: none; }
.sources ol { padding-left: 1.4rem; }
.sources li { margin-bottom: .45rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

.related { margin-top: 3rem; }
.related h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.related ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: .75rem; }
.related li { margin: 0; }
.related a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; height: 100%; padding: 1rem 1.2rem; background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.02rem; line-height: 1.35; transition: border-color .15s ease, color .15s ease; }
.related a::after { content: "\2192"; font-family: var(--sans); color: var(--copper); flex: none; }
.related a:hover { border-color: var(--copper); color: var(--teal); }

.disclaim { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 1.2rem 0 0; margin-top: 2.6rem; }

/* ---------- Glossary ---------- */
.az-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 5; background: rgba(247, 243, 236, .96); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
@supports (backdrop-filter: blur(6px)) { .az-bar { background: rgba(247, 243, 236, .88); backdrop-filter: blur(6px); } }
.az { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .3rem; margin: 0; padding: .75rem 0; list-style: none; }
.az a { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; min-width: 2.2rem; height: 2.2rem; padding: 0 .4rem; border: 1px solid var(--line-2); border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--surface); text-decoration: none; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.02rem; color: var(--ink); transition: background-color .15s ease, color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease; }
.az a:hover { background: var(--ink); border-color: var(--ink); color: #fff; }
.glossary { padding-top: 2.5rem; }
.letter-group { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem; padding: 2.2rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
.letter-group:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.letter { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; font-size: 4rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--copper); margin: 0; scroll-margin-top: 5rem; align-self: start; position: sticky; top: 5.5rem; }
dl.terms { margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1rem; }
dl.terms .term { background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.3rem 1.4rem; }
dl.terms dt { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 .5rem; scroll-margin-top: 7rem; }
dl.terms dt:target { color: var(--copper-ink); }
dl.terms .term:has(dt:target) { border-color: var(--copper); box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--copper); }
dl.terms dd { margin: 0; font-size: .97rem; line-height: 1.65; color: #2c3c42; }
dl.terms dd .see { display: block; margin-top: .8rem; padding-top: .7rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); }
.glossary .disclaim { max-width: var(--read); }

/* ---------- About ---------- */
.about-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, var(--read)) 320px; }
.profile { position: sticky; top: 1.5rem; background: var(--ink); color: var(--on-dark); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 2rem 1.7rem 1.8rem; }
.monogram { width: 76px; height: 88px; display: grid; place-items: center; border: 1.5px solid var(--copper-light); border-radius: 50% 50% 44% 44%; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.7rem; letter-spacing: .04em; color: var(--copper-light); margin-bottom: 1.3rem; }
.profile-name { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #fff; margin: 0 0 .3rem; }
.profile-role { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--copper-light); margin: 0 0 1.2rem; }
.profile ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 1.6rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.profile li { display: flex; gap: .7rem; padding: .7rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dark-line); font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; }
.profile li svg { flex: none; color: var(--copper-light); margin-top: .15rem; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer { background: var(--ink-3); color: var(--on-dark-muted); padding: 4rem 0 2.2rem; font-size: .92rem; }
.foot-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.3fr) minmax(0, .6fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr); gap: 3rem; padding-bottom: 2.6rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.site-footer .disclaimer { color: var(--on-dark); font-weight: 500; margin: 1.4rem 0 0; max-width: 42ch; line-height: 1.6; }
.foot-label { font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--copper-light); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.site-footer nav { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .55rem; }
.site-footer a { color: var(--on-dark); text-decoration: none; }
.site-footer a:hover { color: var(--copper-light); text-decoration: underline; }
.foot-guides ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; gap: .55rem; }
.foot-guides li { line-height: 1.45; }
.foot-base { padding-top: 1.6rem; font-size: .84rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: .4rem 2rem; }
.foot-base p { margin: 0; max-width: 70ch; }

/* ---------- Photography ---------- */
figure { margin: 0; }
img { height: auto; }
.hero-band { position: relative; background: var(--ink-3); line-height: 0; overflow: hidden; }
.hero-band img { display: block; width: 100%; height: clamp(220px, 30vw, 460px); object-fit: cover; object-position: center 62%; }
.hero-band::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--ink-3) 0%, rgba(7, 32, 42, .35) 38%, rgba(7, 32, 42, .05) 70%, rgba(7, 32, 42, .25) 100%); }

.card.has-media { padding-top: 0; overflow: hidden; }
.card.has-media::before { z-index: 1; }
.card-media { display: block; margin: 0 -1.6rem 1.2rem; aspect-ratio: 2.9 / 1; overflow: hidden; background: var(--paper-2); }
.card-media img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .35s ease; }
.card:hover .card-media img { transform: scale(1.03); }

.head-photo { position: relative; margin: 2rem 0 0; border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; line-height: 0; border: 1px solid var(--dark-line); }
.head-photo img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 260px; aspect-ratio: 2.9 / 1; object-fit: cover; }
.head-photo::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7, 32, 42, .45) 0%, rgba(7, 32, 42, 0) 40%, rgba(7, 32, 42, 0) 75%, rgba(7, 32, 42, .3) 100%); }

.portrait { margin: 0 0 1.4rem; line-height: 0; border-bottom: 3px solid var(--copper-light); border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0; overflow: hidden; }
.portrait img { display: block; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 20%; }
.cred-portrait { width: 180px; margin: 0 0 1.8rem; line-height: 0; border-bottom: 3px solid var(--copper-light); border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0; overflow: hidden; }
.cred-portrait img { display: block; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 20%; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1020px) {
  .article-grid, .about-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem; }
  .toc { display: none; }
  .profile { position: static; max-width: var(--read); }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 3rem; }
  .hero-index { max-width: 640px; }
  .cred-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .audience { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
  .hero-foot ul { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .hero-foot li { padding: 1.1rem 1rem 1.1rem 0; }
  .hero-foot li + li { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .hero-foot li:nth-child(even) { padding-left: 1rem; border-left: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
  .hero-foot li:nth-child(n+3) { border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
  .section-head.split { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .section-head.split p { justify-self: start; }
  dl.terms { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .letter-group { grid-template-columns: 64px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1.2rem; }
  .letter { font-size: 3rem; }
  .foot-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .foot-brand { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .wrap { padding: 0 16px; }
  body { font-size: 1rem; }
  .site-header .wrap { min-height: 0; padding-top: .9rem; padding-bottom: 0; }
  .nav { width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); margin: 0 -16px; padding: 0 8px; width: calc(100% + 32px); }
  .nav a { padding: .75rem .65rem; font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .14em; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .brand .mark { width: 34px; height: 34px; }
  .hero { padding: 3.2rem 0 5.4rem; }
  .hero::after { height: 64px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 10vw, 2.6rem); }
  .hero .lede, .hero p.lede { font-size: 1.05rem; }
  .actions .btn { flex: 1 1 auto; justify-content: center; }
  .hero-index { padding: 1.2rem 1.1rem .5rem; }
  section.block { padding: 3.6rem 0; }
  .section-head { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
  .cards { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .card { padding: 1.4rem 1.3rem 1.2rem; }
  .card.has-media { padding-top: 0; }
  .card-media { margin: 0 -1.3rem 1.1rem; }
  .head-photo { margin-top: 1.6rem; }
  .profile .portrait { max-width: 280px; }
  .cred-portrait { width: 140px; }
  .note-box { flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; padding: 1.6rem 1.3rem; }
  .article-head { padding: 2.2rem 0 2.6rem; }
  .crumbs { margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
  .article { padding: 2.4rem 0 3.2rem; }
  .takeaways, .checklist { padding-left: 1.2rem; padding-right: 1.2rem; }
  blockquote.pull { padding-left: 2.4rem; }
  blockquote.pull::before { font-size: 3.2rem; }
  .related ul { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .az { flex-wrap: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; scrollbar-width: thin; }
  .az li { flex: none; }
  .letter-group { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: .8rem; padding: 1.6rem 0; }
  .letter { position: static; font-size: 2.6rem; }
  dl.terms .term { padding: 1.1rem 1.1rem; }
  .foot-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
  .foot-base { flex-direction: column; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; }
  .card:hover { transform: none; }
  .card:hover .card-media img { transform: none; }
}

@media print {
  .site-header nav, .related, .btn, .toc, .az-bar, .hero-index { display: none; }
  body { background: #fff; }
  .hero, .article-head, .cred, .checklist, .site-footer, .profile { background: #fff !important; color: #000; }
  .hero h1, .article-head h1, .cred h2, .checklist h2, .checklist li, .dek, .byline, .crumbs { color: #000 !important; }
  .hero::before, .hero::after, .article-head::before { display: none; }
}

/* 12 Oct 2026: small photo beside each guide in the home contents panel (Irfan) */
.hero-index a { align-items: center; }
.hi-thumb { flex: none; width: 64px; height: 42px; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--dark-line); line-height: 0; }
.hi-thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }

/* 12 Oct 2026: home de-duplicated; each reader gets one starting guide */
.aud-start { margin-top: 1rem; padding-top: .8rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line, rgba(0,0,0,.12)); font-size: .92rem; }
.aud-start span:first-child { display: block; font-size: .7rem; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--copper, #b0703a); margin-bottom: .25rem; }
.aud-start a { text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }
.aud-start a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.hero-index { display: block !important; }
.foot-grid { grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr; }

/* 12 Oct 2026: hero copy starts at the top, with a byline to balance the contents panel */
@media (min-width: 900px) { .hero-home .hero-grid { align-items: start; } .hero-home .hero-copy { padding-top: 2.2rem; } }
.hero-by { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .9rem; margin-top: 2.2rem; padding-top: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-line); color: var(--on-dark); text-decoration: none; }
.hero-by img { width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; border: 2px solid var(--copper, #c8834a); }
.hero-by small { display: block; font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; opacity: .7; }
.hero-by strong { display: block; font-weight: 600; }
.hero-by span span { display: block; font-size: .85rem; opacity: .75; }
.hero-by:hover strong { text-decoration: underline; }